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• Persian also known as Farsi (فارسی and پارسی ) is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages which is not a Semitic language as widely believed so.

• Persian falls into 3 periods:

 

- Old Iranian Language (Median, Old Persian, Avesta)

- Middle Iranian Language (Parthian Pahlavi, Hakhamaneshian Pahlavi, Aasee, Pashtu, Tajiki, Baluchi, Kurdi)

- Modern Iranian Language

 

• Parsi or Persian was the language of the People of Parsa ruled Iran between 550 - 330 BCE.  

• Persian (Farsi) is spoken today primarily in Iran (formerly Persia), with a total number of 70 million speakers and partly in Afghanistan and Tajikistan, but was historically a more widely understood language in an area ranging from the borders of India in the east, Russian in the north, the southern shores of the Persian Gulf to Egypt and the Mediterranean in the west.

• Persian (Farsi) has been a medium for literary and scientific contributions to the Islamic world as well as the Western.

• Persian (Farsi) has had an influence on certain neighboring languages, particularly the Turkic languages of Central Asia, Caucasus, and Anatolia as well as Urdu, Hindi, and other Indian languages. It has had a lesser influence on Arabic and other languages of Mesopotamia.

• The term "Persia (n)" derives from the Greek and is based on the Ancient Greek reference to the whole region.

• "Farsi" is the Arabic equivalent for the name of the southwestern province of Parsa the locus of various Persian dynasties.

• "Iran" derives from an Old Iranian word.

• Other more distantly related languages of this group include Kurdish, spoken in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran; and Baluchi, spoken in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan to name a few.

• The Persian (Farsi) alphabet consists of 32 letters which is mainly based on Arabic Alphabet (Perso-Arabic) but with some additional letters.

• Persian (Farsi) is an RTL (Right to Left) language and is of SOV (Subject Object Verb) type.

• The Persian (Farsi) language consists of a lot of words of non-Iranian origin, most of which come from Arabic, English, French, and the Turkic languages.